PROTECTIVE RELAYS
A protective relay is a device which will trip a circuit breaker when there is a fault
Electromagnetic relays it usually gives a simple indication of the faults like finding the location of the fault and its origin. By using protective relay we can maintain the continuity because it will remove the faulty section and thus it will clear the faulty section and thus the fault arising time is reduced with this relay we can avoid damages to our components and we can also avoid the fire hazards which is a risk to life. So we can save our equipment from permanent damages and this has achieved by using the protective relay.
If a protective relay is not reliable or maintainable then it won’t be able to find the faults it must be highly sensitive so that it could understand the difference between normal and abnormal condition.
There may be a case of relay failure it may be because of certain mistakes like wrong setting, bad contact, and open circuit in the relay coil in this type of cases a defense will be provided by the backup relays.
ELECTROMECHANICAL RELAY
Electromechanical protective relay operates either by magnetic induction or by magnetic attraction. In the case of electromagnetic attraction type, it has a solenoid which is attracted to the poles of electromagnet it can be used for both AC and Dc supply.
In the case of electromagnetic induction related relay, it uses induction motor by which the torque is generated by electromagnetic induction and it can only be used in AC supply
MICROPROCESSOR BASED RELAY Electromechanical relay has several drawbacks such as high operating time contact problem… microprocessor based relay are flexible due to its programming feature • It has the ability to contain a large number of protective and monitoring function in a single unit • By the help of digital processing protective system will get several abilities like programmable features, combinational logic … • Digital relays are mostly used because of its flexibility, reliability self-monitoring, and self-checking capability • It can interface with other relays • It can store many signals and it is accurate
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTECTIVE RELAY
• Selectivity and discrimination • Sensitivity and power consumption • Stability • Reliability • Speed and time • Security of the system • Satisfying function